Diabetes Insipidus (DI) :

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a state characterized by secretion of large amounts of diluted urine. Due to the excretion of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, dehydration occurs.

It indicates the inability of the kidney to concentrate urine. Diabetes Insipidus is an insufficient flow antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin because the kidneys are not reacting properly to the presence of ADH. 

It has an effect on both sexes, and more common in childhood or early adulthood.

It is usually marked by frequent urination, as frequently as every half hour, all day and night resulting in more consumption of water.

It can be acquired as the result of intracranial neoplastic or metastatic lesions and the other causes includes hypophysectomy or other neurosurgery; head trauma.

The symptoms are polyuria (frequent urination) extreme thirst and increased fluid intake, fatigue, dehydration, lack of tears, dry mouth, weight loss eyes may appear sunken, confusion and irritability.

The basic cause of diabetes insipidus can be identified and eliminated. Administration of various forms of vasopressin can control fluid balance and prevent dehydration. Chlorpropamide may be given to kindle ADH secretion.